“Innovation-driven
developmentstrategy”
CHINA’Sinnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategyaimsatencouraginginnovationinallareas,particularlyscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Innovationshouldbedemanddriveninresponsetotheneedsofindustrialization.Businessesaremajorplayersindeliveringinnovation,andthemarketshouldplaythedecisiveroleinallocatingresources.Thefullpotentialofoursocialistsystemshouldbeexplored.Thestrategyseekstoenhancethecontributionofscientificandtechnologicaladvancestoeconomicgrowth,whichwouldserveasanewgrowthdriverandhelpsustainsoundeconomicdevelopment.
Themainmeasurestobetakentothisendincludecreatingafavorableenvironmentforfaircompetitionandamarket-basedmechanismthatencouragestechnologicalinnovation.Itisalsoessentialtopromotefinancialinnovationtoprovidemoreincentivesforinnovativeusesoftechnology.Anotherareaoffocusisbuildingamoreefficientscientificresearchsystem,andimplementinganeffectivetalentmanagementmechanismfortrainingandattractingcompetentpersonnel.Ahighlyintegratedapproachisnecessarytoensureanopen,innovation-friendlyclimate.Chinaseekstohaveinplaceby2020aninstitutional,legalandpolicyframeworkforinnovation-drivendevelopmentsoastoprovideasolidbasistoputChinaontracktobecomeoneoftheworld’smostinnovativecountries.
“Alleviatingpoverty”
SINCEChinaintroducedthepolicyofreformandopeningupinthelate1970s,greateconomicandsocialprogresshasbeenmade,leadingtosignificantimprovementintheoverallstandardsofliving.Asaresult,severalhundredmillionpeoplehavebeenliftedoutofpoverty,accountingformorethan70percentofpovertyreductionworldwideduringthesameperiod.Muchremainstobedone,however,toeliminatethestillsubstantialpocketsofpoverty,giventhefactthatChina,acountrywithalargepopulation,isstillintheprimarystageofsocialism,anditsdiverseregionsshowvaryinglevelsofdevelopment.
Attheendof2015,China’s55.75millionruralresidentsstilllivedbelowthenationalpovertyline,thatis,theyhadanannualnetincomeoflessthan2,300yuan($333)percapita.China’spovertyalleviationinitiativesarenowfacingsomeofthemostdauntingchallenges.
Againstsuchabackdrop,Chinalaunchedin2014itsfirstNationalPovertyAlleviationDay,whichistobemarkedonOctober17eachyear.Chinawillallocatemoreresourcesforpovertyreliefandmobilizeallsectorsofsocietytojointhefightagainstpoverty.Developmenteffortsaimedspecificallyatreducingpovertywillbesteppedup,soastoputanearlyendtopoverty.Effectivemeasureswillbeimplementedtosteadilyimproveaccesstoadequatefoodanddailynecessities,compulsoryeducation,basicmedicalservicesandhousing.
“Nationalbigdatastrategy”
BIDdatacanbecharacterizedbythehugevolume,thewidevariety,theextremevelocityatwhichdataareprocessed,andthehighvaluethatbigdatatechnologiescancreate.
TheissueofbigdatawasdiscussedforthefirsttimeintheReportontheWorkoftheGovernmentdeliveredinMarch2014.AtitsFifthPlenarySessioninOctober2015,the18thCPCCentralCommitteeunveiledanationalbigdatastrategythatpromotesopenexchangeandsharingofdata.TheneedforsuchastrategyunderscorestheincreasingimportanceofbigdataasastrategicassetonChina’sdevelopmentagenda.Thestrategycallsforexploringthepotentialofbigdatatechnologiestoboosteconomicgrowth,andimprovegovernanceatalllevels,aswellasgovernmentservicesandregulation.
ThismovewillenabletheChineseGovernmenttoswitchfromanauthority-basedapproachtogovernancetoadata-basedapproach.Itwillnotonlycreateahigherlevelofinteractionwiththepublic,butalsoenhancetheabilityofthegovernmenttorespondtoexigenciesandsolveproblemswiththeaidofsmartdatatechnologies.Theimplementationofthisstrategyisalsoexpectedtoacceleratebigdatarelatedcoretechnologyresearch,developmentandapplication,soastoenhanceChina’snationalcompetitivenessandpavethewayforfuturedevelopment.
“Newpathtourbanization”
NEVERinhistoryhasadevelopingcountryaslargeasChina,withapopulationof1.3billion,attemptedtoengineeracarefullymanagedurbanization.Chinacannolongerfollowthebeatentrackofinefficientandblinkereddevelopmentrelyingonborrowedmoneythatdamagestheenvironmentandresultsinanimbalancebetweentheneedsofthepopulationandlandresources.Thatpathwillleadthecountrynowhere.Atthiscrossroads,Chinamusttakeanewpathtourbanizationintherightdirection.
ThenewurbanizationdriveisbasedonChina’srealitiesintheprimarystageofsocialism.Itisachoicethatmeetsourdevelopmentimperativesandenablesustomakethebestuseoftheopportunitiesavailabletobringassuredsuccesstothisprocess.
Emphasisshouldbeputonachievingthebestresultsofurbanization.Apeople-centeredapproachisindispensable.Appropriateplansshouldbeworkedouttoensurethattownsandcitiesofallsizescomplementeachotherwithwelldefinedfunctionsforcoordinateddevelopment.Eco-friendlymeasureswillbeeffectivelyimplementedinourpushforgreen,circularandlow-carbondevelopment.Specialcaremustbetakentopreservetraditionalcultureinourefforttoredevelopcitiesandtownswithhistoricallandmarksandlocalorethnicfeatures.
“Eco-compensationsystem”
THEdecisiontoestablishedaneco-compensationsystemwasmadebythe18thCPCCentralCommitteeatitsThirdPlenarySession.Thesystemaimsatpreventingdamagetotheenvironment,andenhancingandpromotingecologicalconservationandprotection.Ittargetsthoseinvolvedinbusinessandotheractivities,includingproduction,andexploitationanduseofnaturalresources,thathaveormighthavenegativeenvironmentalimpacts.Itrepresentsanewapproachtoenvironmentalstewardshipthatreliesonmarket-basedmechanismsandalegalframeworktopromoteprotectionandrestorationofecosystemservices.
Theeco-compensationapproachcanbeunderstoodinbothabroadandanarrowsense.Broadlyspeaking,itinvolvescompensationforenvironmentalpollutionorfordamagetoecosystemfunctions.Inanarrowsense,itrefersspecificallytocompensationfordamagetoecosystemfunctionsandtheirvalues.
TheChineseGovernmentwillimplementthe“polluterpays”principletomakethoseresponsibleforproducingpollutionandbenefitingtherefromresponsibleforpayingforthedamagedonetotheenvironment.Effortswillbesteppeduptoimprovethecompensationmechanismforkeyecosystemfunctionconservationareasandpromotetheestablishmentofhorizontaleco-compensationprogramsamongregions.
“MadeinChina2025”
ONMay8,2015,China’sStateCouncilunveileditsfirst10-yearnationalplanfortransformingChina’smanufacturing,entitled“MadeinChina2025.”TheplanisdesignedtoputChinaonanewpathtoindustrialization,withgreateremphasisoninnovation,expandeduseofnew-generationinformationtechnology,intelligentmanufacturing,consolidationoftheindustrialbase,integrationofindustrialprocessesandsystems,andarobustmultilayertalentdevelopmentstructure.MeasurestakeninthisrespectwillfacilitateChina’stransformationfromamanufacturinggiantwithafocusonquantitytoonewithaqualitativeedge.
Specifically,theplanenvisionsthecompletionoftheprocessofbasicindustrialization,andasignificantleapinChina’soverallmanufacturingcapabilityby2025,characterizedbyreinforcedinnovativeability,greatlyimprovedoverallproductivity,andanewlevelofintegrationofindustrialprocessesandinformationtechnology.
TheimplementationoftheplanwillexpandthecooperationscopebetweenChinaandtherestoftheworldinajointefforttopropelnewprogressintheglobalmanufacturingsector.
(Source:KeywordstoUnderstandChina
publishedbyChinaAcademyofTranslation
andChinaInternationalPublishingGroup)